ENERGY SECURITY WITH A HIGH EXTERNAL DEPENDENCE: THE STRATEGIES OF JAPAN AND SOUTH KOREA
Pablo Bustelo
Working Paper, No. 16/2008 (Translated from Spanish) - April 14, 2008
Elcano Royal Institute
Summary: Apart from China, there are two other large energy consumers in North-East Asia: Japan and South Korea. These economies, which belong to the OECD, are highly dependent on imports (which account for over 80% of domestic consumption in both cases), especially oil and natural gas. In recent years their energy security has been subject to serious threats. This Working Paper briefly addresses the position and energy forecasts for the two countries. It proceeds to analyse the strategic responses of Tokyo and Seoul to the deterioration (whether perceived or real) of their energy security, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Finally, the paper details some of the lessons that other countries which are highly dependent on energy imports might learn from the experience of Japan and South Korea.
Contents
Elcano Royal Institute
Summary: Apart from China, there are two other large energy consumers in North-East Asia: Japan and South Korea. These economies, which belong to the OECD, are highly dependent on imports (which account for over 80% of domestic consumption in both cases), especially oil and natural gas. In recent years their energy security has been subject to serious threats. This Working Paper briefly addresses the position and energy forecasts for the two countries. It proceeds to analyse the strategic responses of Tokyo and Seoul to the deterioration (whether perceived or real) of their energy security, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Finally, the paper details some of the lessons that other countries which are highly dependent on energy imports might learn from the experience of Japan and South Korea.
Contents
Introduction
1. Energy security in North-East Asia: an overview
2. Japan’s energy security strategy: the shadow of China
2.1. Energy production and consumption
2.2. Energy imports
2.3. Strategies to guarantee supply
2.1. Energy production and consumption
2.2. Energy imports
2.3. Strategies to guarantee supply
3. South Korea’s energy security strategy: caught in a stronghold
3.1. Energy production and consumption
3.2. Energy imports
3.3. Strategies to guarantee supply
3.1. Energy production and consumption
3.2. Energy imports
3.3. Strategies to guarantee supply
4. Implications of the energy security strategies of Japan and South Korea for the EU and Spain
General conclusions
Bibliographical References
[paper here]
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